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Process synthesis with simultaneous consideration of inherent safety-inherent risk footprint

Andreja Nemet, Jiří J. Klemeš, Zdravko Kravanja

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 745-762 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1779-7

摘要:

Process plants should be designed to be economically viable and environmentally friendly, while also being operable and maintainable during process implementation. The safety of processes is among the most important considerations in obtaining results that are more acceptably realistic, as it is linked to the availability and reliability of the process. Inherent safety can effectively be enhanced in the early stages of the design, when the main decisions on process design are made. The aim of this study is to enhance and select the appropriate risk assessment method and to incorporate it into process synthesis, using a mathematical programming approach. A mixed-integer, nonlinear programming (MINLP) model was used for the synthesis of a methanol production process, considering risk assessment during the synthesis. Risk assessment is performed simultaneously with the MINLP process synthesis, where the risk is determined either for the whole process as overall risk, or on a per unit-of-a-product basis. For the latter, a new measurement is proposed: the inherent risk footprint. The results of a case study led to two main conclusions: (i) Significantly safer designs can be obtained at negligible economic expense, and (ii) at higher production capacities, a lower inherent risk footprint can be achieved. The results also indicate that designs obtained using this method can have significantly increased inherent safety, while remaining economically viable.

关键词: inherent safety     process design     simultaneous risk assessment     risk footprint     methanol process    

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of wheat bran flour into ethanol using coculture of amylotic

K. Manikandan, T. Viruthagiri

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 240-249 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0205-6

摘要: Studies on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of wheat bran flour, a grain milling residue as the substrate using coculture method were carried out with strains of starch digesting and nonstarch digesting and sugar fermenting in batch fermentation. Experiments based on central composite design (CCD) were conducted to maximize the glucose yield and to study the effects of substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration on percentage conversion of wheat bran flour starch to glucose by treatment with fungal α-amylase and the above parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum values of substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and enzyme concentration were found to be 200 g/L, 5.5, 65°C and 7.5 IU, respectively, in the starch saccharification step. The effects of pH, temperature and substrate concentration on ethanol concentration, biomass and reducing sugar concentration were also investigated. The optimum temperature and pH were found to be 30°C and 5.5, respectively. The wheat bran flour solution equivalent to 6% ( / ) initial starch concentration gave the highest ethanol concentration of 23.1 g/L after 48 h of fermentation at optimum conditions of pH and temperature. The growth kinetics was modeled using Monod model and Logistic model and product formation kinetics using Leudeking-Piret model. Simultaneous saccharificiation and fermentation of liquefied wheat bran starch to bioethanol was studied using coculture of amylolytic fungus and nonamylolytic sugar fermenting .

关键词: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)     starch     coculture fermentation     statistical experimental design     bioethanol     Monod model    

efficiency of nitrogen removing bacterial population to a wide range of C:N ratio (1.5:1 to 14:1) for simultaneous

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1522-y

摘要:

• Simultaneous C & N removal in Methammox occurs at wide C:N ratio.

关键词: Methanogens     Biological Nitrogen Removal (BNR)     Simultaneous     Methammox     C:N ratio    

Activity and characteristics of “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent for simultaneous flue gas

Yi ZHAO,Tianxiang GUO,Zili ZANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 222-229 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0636-2

摘要: An “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent was prepared by mixing fly ash, lime and a small quantity of KMnO for simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification. Removal of SO and NO simultaneously was carried out using this absorbent in a flue gas circulating fluidized bed (CFB). The highest simultaneous removal efficiency, 94.5% of SO and 64.2% of NO, was achieved under the optimal experiment conditions. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Accessory X-ray Energy Spectrometer (EDX) were used to observe the surface characteristics of fly ash, lime, “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent and the spent absorbent. An ion chromatograph (IC) and chemical analysis methods were used to determine the contents of sulfate, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite in the spent absorbents, the results showed that sulfate and nitrite were the main products for desulfurization and denitrification respectively. The mechanism of removing SO and NO simultaneously was proposed based on the analysis results of SEM, EDX, IC and the chemical analysis methods.

关键词: “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent     Surface characteristics     Flue gas circulating fluidized bed     Simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification    

Feasibility study on simultaneous removal of sulfur and trace selenium in the MTD-FGD reactor

LI Yuzhong, TONG Huiling, ZHUO Yuqun, LI Yan, CHEN Changhe, XU Xuchang

《能源前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 259-263 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0036-4

摘要: This study deals with the simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide (SO) and trace selenium dioxide (SeO) from flue gas by calcium oxide (CaO) adsorption in the moderate temperature range, especially the feasibility of simultaneous removal of these two pollutants in a moderate temperature dry flue gas desulfurization (MTD-FGD) reactor. The effect of SO presence on selenium capture is studied through the experiments performed on a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and the following conclusions can be obtained. When CaO conversion is relatively low and the reaction rate is controlled by chemical reaction kinetics, the SO presence does not affect selenium capture. When CaO conversion is very high and the reaction rate is controlled by product layer diffusion, the SO presence and the product layer diffusion resistance jointly reduce selenium capture. Through analyses of some pilot scale MTD-FGD tests, it can be concluded that in the MTD-FGD reactor, the sulfate reaction of sorbent particles is generally kinetically controlled. Therefore, it is feasible that sulfur and trace selenium can be simultaneously removed by Ca-based sorbent in the MTD-FGD reactor.

关键词: Ca-based sorbent     product     feasibility     thermogravimetric analyzer     simultaneous removal    

Methanogenic community structure in simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification granular sludge

Yujiao Sun, Juanjuan Zhao, Lili Chen, Yueqiao Liu, Jiane Zuo

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1067-2

摘要:

• UASB with SMD granules was operated with high removal efficiency of COD and NO3--N.

Methanosaetaceae was absolute predominant methanogen in SMD granules.

• The methanogen quantity and activity decreased as C/N decreased from 20:1 to 5:1.

• Bacterial community succession happened with C/N decreasing.

关键词: Simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification (SMD)     Methanogens     Community structure     Diversity index     Granular sludge    

Tailoring the simultaneous abatement of methanol and NO on Sb-Ce-Zr catalysts via copper modification

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-1565-0

摘要:

● Cu addition enhances CH3OH oxidation and alleviates its inhibitory effect on SCR.

关键词: Copper modification     Sb-CeZr2Ox catalyst     NOx     Methanol     Simultaneous removal    

A Cu-modified active carbon fiber significantly promoted HS and PH simultaneous removal at a low reaction

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1425-3

摘要:

• Cu0.15-ACF performs the best for H2S and PH3 simultaneous removal.

关键词: ACF     H2S     PH3     Cu     Low temperature     Simultaneous removal    

A conceptual methodology for simultaneous optimization of water and heat with non-isothermal mixing

Yanlong Hou, Wanni Xie, Zhenya Duan, Jingtao Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 154-165 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1593-z

摘要: A new conceptual methodology is proposed to simultaneously integrate water allocation and energy networks with non-isothermal mixing. This method employs a simultaneous model and includes two design steps. In the first step, the water allocation network (WAN), which could achieve the targets of saving water and energy, is obtained by taking account the temperature factor into the design procedure. The optimized targets of both freshwater and energy are reached at this step which ensures this approach is a simultaneous one. In the second step, based on the obtained WAN, the whole water allocation and heat exchange network (WAHEN) is combined with the non-isothermal mixing to reduce the number of heat exchangers. The thus obtained WAHEN can achieve three optimization targets (minimization of water, energy and the number of heat exchangers). Furthermore, the effectivity of our method has been demonstrated by solving two literature examples.

关键词: simultaneous integration     non-isothermal mixing     multi-target optimization     water and energy networks    

A biofilter model for simultaneous simulation of toluene removal and bed pressure drop under varied inlet

Jinying XI,Insun KANG,Hongying HU,Xian ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2015年 第9卷 第3期   页码 554-562 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0671-z

摘要: In this study, a biofiltration model including the effect of biomass accumulation and inert biomass growth is developed to simultaneously predict the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) removal and filter bed pressure drop under varied inlet loadings. A laboratory-scale experimental biofilter for gaseous toluene removal was set up and operated for 100 days with inlet toluene concentration ranging from 250 to 2500 mg?m . According to sensitivity analysis based on the model, the VOCs removal efficiency of the biofilter is more sensitive to Henry’s constant, the specific surface area of the filter bed and the thickness of water layer, while the filter bed pressure drop is more sensitive to biomass yield coefficient and original void fraction. The calculated toluene removal efficiency and bed pressure drop satisfactorily fit the experimental data under varied inlet toluene loadings, which indicates the model in this study can be used to predict VOCs removal and bed pressure drop simultaneously. Based on the model, the effect of mass-transfer parameters on VOCs removal and the stable-run time of a biofilter are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the model can function as a good tool to evaluate the effect of biomass accumulation and optimize the design and operation of biofilters.

关键词: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)     biofilters     modelling     biomass accumulation     pressure drop    

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in activated sludge system under low oxygen concentration

ZHANG Peng, ZHOU Qi

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第1期   页码 49-52 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0009-1

摘要: Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND), which is more economical compared with the traditional method for nitrogen removal, is studied in this paper. In order to find the suitable conditions of this process, a mixed flow activated sludge system under low oxygen concentration is investigated, and some key control parameters are examined for nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater. The results show that SND is accessible when oxygen concentration is 0.3 0.8 mg/L. The nitrogen removal rate can be obtained up to 66.7% with solids retention time (SRT) of 45 d, C/N value of 10, and F/M ratio of 0.1 g COD/(g MLSS·d). Theoretical analysis indicates that SND is a physical phenomenon and governed by oxygen diffusion in flocs.

关键词: synthetic wastewater     accessible     Simultaneous nitrification     MLSS·d     diffusion    

VALORIZATION OF BIOGAS THROUGH SIMULTANEOUS CO AND HS REMOVAL BY RENEWABLE AQUEOUS AMMONIA SOLUTION IN

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 468-478 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022473

摘要:

● Simultaneous H2S and CO2 removal from biogas is studied.

关键词: biomethane     biogas purification     CO2 removal     H2S removal     membrane absorption    

Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1368-0

摘要:

• SMX was mainly degraded by hydrolysis, isoxazole oxidation and double-bond addition.

关键词: Sulfamethoxazole     Ozonation     Natural organic matters     Secondary effluent     Degradation mechanism    

Study of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for steam exploded wheat straw to ethanol

LUO Peng, YANG Chuanmin, LIU Zhong, WANG Gaosheng

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2008年 第2卷 第4期   页码 447-451 doi: 10.1007/s11705-008-0069-1

摘要: Although simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) has been investigated extensively, the optimum condition for SSF of wheat straw has not yet been determined. Dilute sulfuric acid impregnated and steam explosion pretreated wheat straw was used as a substrate for the production of ethanol by SSF through orthogonal experiment design in this study. Cellulase mixture (Celluclast 1.5 l and -glucosidase Novozym 188) were adopted in combination with the yeast AS2.1. The effects of reaction temperature, substrate concentration, initial fermentation liquid pH value and enzyme loading were evaluated and the SSF conditions were optimized. The ranking, from high to low, of influential extent of the SSF affecting factors to ethanol concentration and yield was substrate concentration, enzyme loading, initial fermentation liquid pH value and reaction temperature, respectively. The optimal SSF conditions were: reaction temperature, 35°C; substrate concentration, 100 g·L; initial fermentation liquid pH, 5.0; enzyme loading, 30 FPU·g. Under these conditions, the ethanol concentration increased with reaction time, and after 72 h, ethanol was obtained in 65.8% yield with a concentration of 22.7 g·L.

关键词: optimal SSF     substrate concentration     optimum condition     enzyme loading     ethanol concentration    

Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an SBBR treating domestic wastewater

LI Jun, GU Guowei, PENG Yongzhen, WEI Su

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 246-250 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0042-0

摘要: An aerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) packed with Bauer rings was used to treat real domestic wastewater for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. The SBBR is advantageous for creating an anoxic condition, and the biofilm can absorb and store carbon for good nitrification and denitrification. An average concentration of oxygen ranging from 0.8 to 4.0 mg/L was proved very efficient for nitrification and denitrification. Volumetric loads of TN dropped dramatically and effluent TN concentration increased quickly when the concentration of average dissolved oxygen was more than 4.0 mg/L. The efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) increased with increasing thickness of the biofilm. The influent concentration hardly affected the TN removal efficiency, but the effluent TN increased with increasing influent concentration. It is suggested that a subsequence for denitrification be added or influent amount be decreased to meet effluent quality requirements. At optimum operating parameters, the TN removal efficiency of 74% 82% could be achieved.

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Process synthesis with simultaneous consideration of inherent safety-inherent risk footprint

Andreja Nemet, Jiří J. Klemeš, Zdravko Kravanja

期刊论文

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of wheat bran flour into ethanol using coculture of amylotic

K. Manikandan, T. Viruthagiri

期刊论文

efficiency of nitrogen removing bacterial population to a wide range of C:N ratio (1.5:1 to 14:1) for simultaneous

期刊论文

Activity and characteristics of “Oxygen-enriched” highly reactive absorbent for simultaneous flue gas

Yi ZHAO,Tianxiang GUO,Zili ZANG

期刊论文

Feasibility study on simultaneous removal of sulfur and trace selenium in the MTD-FGD reactor

LI Yuzhong, TONG Huiling, ZHUO Yuqun, LI Yan, CHEN Changhe, XU Xuchang

期刊论文

Methanogenic community structure in simultaneous methanogenesis and denitrification granular sludge

Yujiao Sun, Juanjuan Zhao, Lili Chen, Yueqiao Liu, Jiane Zuo

期刊论文

Tailoring the simultaneous abatement of methanol and NO on Sb-Ce-Zr catalysts via copper modification

期刊论文

A Cu-modified active carbon fiber significantly promoted HS and PH simultaneous removal at a low reaction

期刊论文

A conceptual methodology for simultaneous optimization of water and heat with non-isothermal mixing

Yanlong Hou, Wanni Xie, Zhenya Duan, Jingtao Wang

期刊论文

A biofilter model for simultaneous simulation of toluene removal and bed pressure drop under varied inlet

Jinying XI,Insun KANG,Hongying HU,Xian ZHANG

期刊论文

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in activated sludge system under low oxygen concentration

ZHANG Peng, ZHOU Qi

期刊论文

VALORIZATION OF BIOGAS THROUGH SIMULTANEOUS CO AND HS REMOVAL BY RENEWABLE AQUEOUS AMMONIA SOLUTION IN

期刊论文

Mechanisms for simultaneous ozonation of sulfamethoxazole and natural organic matters in secondary effluent

期刊论文

Study of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for steam exploded wheat straw to ethanol

LUO Peng, YANG Chuanmin, LIU Zhong, WANG Gaosheng

期刊论文

Factors affecting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an SBBR treating domestic wastewater

LI Jun, GU Guowei, PENG Yongzhen, WEI Su

期刊论文